An Intercultural Studies major dreaming of traveling the world, yet in the meantime visiting different places through literature, technology, and other means...

Borobodur Temple in Indonesia

Wednesday, February 10, 2010
 
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In the garden of Java, near Yogyakarta, stands Borobodur, the largest temple in the world, and the oldest in Southeast Asia. 11 centuries ago (775 A.D.), anonymous artists decided to begin building it. They knew, though, that they would not finish, but they hoped that, along the way, some people (other artists) would pick up the work they left behind. It was finished in 856, but abandoned soon after, as a political revolt swept through the land.

By the 10th century, less and less people were visiting the Borobodur temple, as it was in the midst of jungle. Vegetation blocked the paths and the numerous volcanoes that surrounded the temple covered it in ash.

It was in 1814 when a British colonel first discovered the temple. It took about a hundred years for Borobodur to be uncovered and completely restored. In 1990, a team was appointed to maintain and preserve Borobodur.

Today, Borobodur stands tall and proud and majestic in the midst of valleys, volcanoes, hills, mountains, and rivers...

"Some moments in life make one feel as if there were no longer any distance between Heaven and Earth, and in the creative blending into the whole, the sense of life is being revealed.
Such an emotion is experienced when one ascends the stairs of Borobudur, Buddhist marvel of stone, in a full tropical moon-night."


References - Discover Indonesia: Temples of Java
 

WISH: To Visit a Dayak Longhouse in Sarawak, Malaysia

Saturday, February 6, 2010
 
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Imagine...you're traveling across one of the countries in Southeast Asia, rowing through the still waters of a river, when, along the banks, you spot a house on stilts—or so, it seems like one, except that it is incredibly long—and out of curiosity, you decide to investigate who might be living there.

You are warmly welcomed by a very hospitable people. They even have their young men and women perform a traditional dance (usually the Ngajat) and sound their traditional gongs to welcome you. They offer you tuak (local rice wine) invite you to stay for the night, but not before you eat a wonderful dinner of their local delicacies.

Such is the way of the Dayak, in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Dayak are an ethnic tribe who live either on Land (Bidayuh) or at Sea (Iban). In the last century, the length of their houses was 110 meters (360 feet) long, but today, they range from 10-70 meters.

(Image from Lawatilah Malaysia)



At the center of each longhouse is a public area for social life and rituals. Also at the center of the house here is a main post which is the first thing to be erected when the longhouse is built. This main post symbolizes the ancestor who founded the house. It is sacred and is seen as a link between the underworld and the upper world. This is why longhouses have decorations of rhinoceros birds and water snakes. The rhinoceros birds symbolize the good spirits of the upper world, while the water snakes are associated with the spirits of the underworld.

***

I kinda think it would be fun to live in a Longhouse (provided, your neighbors are people you like :P). I hope I can visit one some day, as in really visit one, not just through pictures and stories. :D

***

More pictures here. And here.
Much more detailed information on longhouses here.


Resources:

 

The "Yang di-Pertuan Agong" and the "Yang di-Pertuan Negeri" of Malaysia

Thursday, February 4, 2010
 
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Malaysia is a country which practices Parliamentary Democracy with Constitutional Monarchy. Quite a mouthful, isn't it?

In Malaysia, there is a king (or a raja, a sultan) and a prime minister. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong—sometimes called the Yang di-Pertuan Besar(or the king) is the "paramount ruler" and the head of state at the state level. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong does not inherit his role. Rather, he is elected from nine hereditary state rulers for a five-year term. The prime minister, called the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri, appointed by the paramount ruler, is the head of state where there are no rulers. The government leaders are the Chief Ministers: Menteri Besar and Ketua Menteri.

Who leads the people of Malaysia? According to a website, "whatever action is taken by an authority is executed in the name of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong who acts on the advice of the Government." The king, however, has no substantive power. According to another website, he is a symbol of the sovereignty of Malaysia, and serves the formal/ceremonial role.

Malaysia's current king is Mizan Zainal Abidin.

(Picture from Wikipedia)



The current prime minister is Najib Tun Razak.


(Picture from Wikipedia)
Resources:
 

Movie: Anna and the King

Wednesday, January 27, 2010
 
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Our class watched Anna and the King (1999) for one of our sessions about Thailand.

Anna Leonowens is an Englishwoman who travels to Siam to teach the eldest son of Mongkut, King of Siam. At first, she insists on having her way. She doesn't follow the customs and etiquette of Siam, but as she spends more time with the children, she begins to see Siam has its own way of doing things.

Throughout the film, we see glimpses of Thailand's rich culture, along with its etiquette and customs, the expecations and roles of men and women, rich and poor, slaves and freefolk. Women are not allowed to stand in the presence of men, which is why, during their first meeting, the Prime Minister of Siam addresses Anna as "Sir." When the king comes into view, everyone must bow, as they have the belief that "no head must be higher than the king's."

When the king finds out that one of his concubines, Tuptim, is in love with another man and has run away to the Buddhist temple to be with him, he orders the execution of both Tuptim and her lover.

At first, Anna does not understand. She fights for justice, even going against the king's orders sometimes. But as her stay lengthens, she begins to see and understand.
 

UPG: The Pear of Cambodia

Monday, January 18, 2010
 
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(Image from JoshuaProject)


Six small groups in Cambodia are linguistically related. These are the Chong, the Por (Peur, Pear), the Samre, the Saoch, the Somary, and the Suoy (Suy).

This post is about the Por, which we will refer to as the "Pear." This people group live small, isolated villages near big forests. Their houses are short-stilted, one-room houses with roofs made from leaves, bamboo, and sometimes, wood.

The Pear farm rice. They plant their fields some distance from the forest and move them after every couple of years or so. The Pear also grow bananas and a few other vegetables. They sometimes gather products from the forest, such as resin, charcoal, and firewood. The Pear depend on the monsoon rains for their crops. They are a very sturdy folk, even when it requires facing food shortage during drought or flood.



Khmer is the national language, and most Pear dress in a similar custom to the rural Khmers, which is western style.

The Pear are animistic. They believe in powerful spirits that can harm them, to which they offer sacrifices to appease them. They are very superstitious and live in great fear of the spirits. Those who live next to the Cardamom forest have specific rules how to collect the cardamom.

They are also extremely poor. The Khmer majority looks down upon them. They don't have much education and health facilities.


Prayer Requests:
  • The Pear are one of the least reached people in Cambodia. Pray that someone will go to them and take to them the good news of salvation.
  • Pray that the Bible will be translated into their language/dialect.
  • So far, there is only one known church, and for the past 2 years, there has been no active church planting. Pray that missionaries will be able to establish churches in this area.

Resources:
http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=107961&rog3=CB
 

UPG: The Stieng of Cambodia

 
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The Stieng are a people group of Cambodia. There populations is approximately 6,000, although there are nearly 50,000 Stieng living in Vietnam. They are located on the Vietnamese border between Memut, Snoul, and Kao Sema.

Most of the Stieng live near Snoul, Kratie in Cambodia. They do not grow rice, as is the main means of livelihood in Cambodia. Rather, they own plantations of black pepper, cashew nuts, and durian. They also rely on hunting and wood cutting in the jungles near their homes.

Traditional houses of the Stieng are made from palm tree leaves, and because their roof strutcture is different from those of other tribes, theirs is easily recognizable.

The Stieng live very close to each other, and sometimes even intermingle with the Khmer. As a result, it is difficult to spot them.

The Stieng are animistic. Some have adopted Khmer Buddhism, but most retain their animistic practices. There are around 1,000 Stieng Christians in Cambodia, and more in Vietnam.

The Stieng are not appreciated or respected much. They live near major groups, such as the Khmer, and most speak the language fluently. Current land-rush in Cambodia has caused the Stieng their ancestral lands once more, as sections of the jungle are being given to private companies. It's sad, because the Stieng deeply rely on the jungle for their livelihood. Stieng villages have no schools or medical facilities.

Praise/Prayer:
  • Thank God for reaching the Stieng earlier this century. Pray the Stieng believers would be fully committed and would turn away from their former animistic ways.
  • Ask God to prevent the Stieng church from being inward-focused and ethno-centric. Pray many Stieng evangelists would be sent to the unreached all over Vietnam and Southeast Asia.
  • Pray the Bible would soon be translated into both Bulo and Budip Stieng languges (two distinct dialects of the Stieng).




Resources:
http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=109552&rog3=CB
http://www.peoplegroups.org/MapSearch.aspx?country=Cambodia
http://asiaharvest.org/pages/profiles/nonChina/Vietnam/Stieng.pdf
Picture from: http://www.joshuaproject.net
 

Vietnam Food

Monday, January 11, 2010
 
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Last Tuesday, our professor in ICS 101 Class–Peoples of the World took us to Pho Hoa to eat as part of our lesson on Vietnam. (Pho stands for noodles.)

We had an appetizer of stringed beans with two kinds of chili sauces. We had a noodle soup with beef. There was also their spring roll served with chili paste, as well as salad (chicken, cabbage, carrots, some sweet sauce).

Food in Vietnam is generally spicy, although the recipes of the south are spicier than that of the North. Along the coastline of Vietnam, fish and seafoods are favorites. Predominant flavors in Vietnamese dishes are mint, shrimp, star anise, rice wine, garlic, ginger, etc. (Source: Vietnam Cooking)
 

People of the Heart

Sunday, December 27, 2009
 
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Lao people are people of the heart. Check out the many different phrases they have which involve the word "heart."

-to understand is to enter the heart -khao chai
-to be glad is to Feel good at heart -di chai
-to be angry is to feel bad in the heart -chai hai
-to be sorry is to have lost the heart -sia chai
-to have empathy is to see the heart-hen chai
-to feel upset is to be unhappy at heart -ouk chai
-to be sensitive (touchy) is to have a small heart -chai noy
-to be stingy is to have a narrow heart -chai khap khaep
-to be startled is to drop the heart -tok chai
-to be absent minded is to have a heart which floats -chai loy
-to hesitate is to have many hearts -lai chai
-to be worried is to have a sick heart -bo sabai chai
-to be content is to have a serene heart -sabai chai
-to be without worries is to feel cool in the heart -chai yen
-to be generous is to have a large heart -chai kuang
-to have a heavy heart -thouk chai
-to be happy -souk chai
-to be easily persuaded is to have an easy heart -chai ngai
-to be decisive -chai det
-to be bitter to the point of revenge is to have a black heart -chai dum
-to be charitable is to have a festive heart -chai boun
-to be generous is to be big hearted -chai nyai
-to be impatient is to have a hot heart -chai hon
-to be patient is to have a persevering heart -chai ot thon
-to be honest is to have a pure heart -chai bolisud
-to be brave is to have a daring heart -chai ka
-to be timid is to have a cautious heart -chai boh ka
-to control one's emotions is to have a strong heart -chai kaeng
-to die is to have your heart torn apart -chai khart

- Understanding Lao Culture

Picture(s): Courtesy of KTP.
 

Can You Live in Laos?

Wednesday, December 16, 2009
 
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The people of Laos are quiet and conservative, yet very hospitable and friendly. Etiquette in Laos includes the following:
  • No public display of affection (no holding hands, no kissing, no hugging in public)
  • No "revealing" outfits
  • Remove your shoes upon entering a house
  • Don't touch someone on the head, even children
  • Don't use your feet to point at something; don't raise them higher than the floor
  • Don't point, use your palm
  • When greeting someone, put your hands together and slightly bow your head
Filipinos and Laotians have somewhat similar rules with regards to etiquette and proper behavior. Friendliness, hospitality, respect—these are traits that are common in both countries.

One thing I really like about the people of Laos is the way they deal with problems. Laotians are peaceful people. According to a website:

Laotians take great pride in keeping a cool head in any situation. You will inevitably encounter a frustrating moment during your travels due to communication barriers, social customs or the heat. Getting angry only makes things worse; relax and deal with things calmly. Laos moves at a glacial pace, so leave your impatience at home. Fortunately, Laotians are very tolerant people, so even if you make a major social mistake, a wai and a apology will smooth things over.
 

A Myanmar Dish

Sunday, December 6, 2009
 
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Last summer, I volunteered at IGSL (International Graduate School of Leadership) and got to meet Ate Ahsie.




She was teaching the wives of the IGSL students Bible Study Methods. During the last day, we had a celebration and Ate Ahsie taught me how to cook a Myanmar dish. Since then, I've cooked it several times at home, but it's still not the way Ate Ahsie does it! :)





Ingredients are chicken, tomato, garlic, chili, and turmeric powder.



 Clean the chicken.



 
 Dice the tomatoes.



 
Cut and crush the garlic.



 
 

Put enough oil to cover the bottom of the saucepan. Put in the chili first so the oil becomes spicy. Add the garlic next. When it is golden brown, add a dash of turmeric powder. Cook the tomatoes next and let the juice evaporate a little. The chicken is placed in last. Add a little salt. Optional: Carrots and potatoes.

Recipe Pictures: Jemi